Toxicology
Toxicololgy is a major health role that everyone
needs to be aware of and how harmful it can be. Lots of everyday items can be
toxic to you, your children or pets. Examples are laundry detergent, hand
sanitizer, and many more everyday uses that if in the wrong hands can cause a
lot of damage to oneself and toxicate someone, which brings up many health risks
and potentially death. The word toxicology can be broken down into two words
which help define its meaning. The first part of the word is toxic, meaning
death, very aggressive, harmful substance that can cause many harmful events to
occur due to the unwanted toxic substance. The second part of the word is
ology- meaning the study of so and os. In this case it’s the study of toxics.
People study how chemicals can bring upon harmful and problematic situations
for living things, thus for, being very important for people to be aware of
what is toxic to protect ourselves and onself from intaking a toxic item or
what tod o if that would happen.
Toxic substances/items can be brought into our body
in a few different ways. These different ways could be anything from just
breathing in a toxic gas that is polluted in the air, you could easily inhale
and it enters the body. Another way is by contact. This could be your skin or
eyeball, anything that makes physical contact with your outside of your body
that is harmful/toxic to you. Another more common way for children and pets is
by swallowing and/or ingestion of the toxic substance. Many kids eat laundry detergent
pods because it looks like candy and smells great, but those are highly toxic
to the human body and especially such a young, sensitive body. Lastly, one
could be injected by a substance that is toxic and that will go straight into
your bloodstream and cause immediate affects to oneself.
Biotransformation is alterations that happen inside
the body due to most likely a drug by enzymatic activity. There is two phases
that this biotransformation will undergo during its time within the body. Phase
one of this biotransformation process has
few events that usually occur, such as, oxidations, reductions, and
hydrolysis reactions. In phase one, it introduces what will be the functional
group and where the center that’s actively ready for the sequential conjugation
preparing for phase two. Phase two is ready once that active center is ready/
the functional group, which is the site for that conjugation that holds the
endogenous substance, will go to.
Another correlated event that we keep an eye on with
toxicology is the dose-response relationship. This simply means what are the
effects when you get a very low amount/dose of that toxic substance and the
difference when you get a very high dosage of that toxic substance and how that
affects you. This dose-response has been studied with many common items and you
can find on labels warning if you have a certain amount of this product
consumed this and this will occur. Dose-response is important for people who
care for those who have been affected with a toxic item.
Another term that is correlated with toxicology is
LD50, also known as lethal dose. This simply means the amount that is consumed
from a toxic substance that kills fifty percent of the test sample. So again
with labels, you could see this on chemical labels saying if you consume one
third of this bottle it will be fetal to oneself. And this is very important
when dealing with any kind of chemicals that are used for machinery, pools,
cars, etc to know if in some case you were to consume it and to be educated on
how much would take your life away.
There is a certain criteria so to speak for what
classifies as toxicology. Those would be factors related to exposure, biologic
factors and chemical factors help influence the meaning of toxicology.
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